| Common Era
|
Event |
|
1823 |
Apparatus for the compression liquefaction of gases installed: historic paper. (H Davies, London) |
|
1834 |
First mechanical refrigerator invented: vapor compression system, succeeded after Civil War. (Jacob Perkins, US) |
|
1849 |
Dense-air compression machine (air refrigerator) invented. (John Gorrie, Charleston, SC) |
|
1853 |
1,600 tons of ice a day produced: double-acting vacuum and compression pump with sulfuric ether. (Alex. Twining, New Haven, Conn) |
|
1857 |
Chilled meat exported: uses vapor-compression machine. (James Harrison, Australia) |
|
1860 |
Ammonia absorption machine. (F P E Carre, France) |
|
1862 |
Air refrigerator improved: regenerator added. (Kirk) |
|
1868 |
Compressed-air plant built to refrigerate food (limited power). (Paris) |
|
1872 |
Ammonia-compression machine for producing ice invented. (David Boyle) |
|
1873 |
Open-cycle air machines made: proposed by Kelvin and Rankine, 1852. (Giffard) |
|
1873 - 1875 |
Refrigerated warehouses (NYC and London) and commercial transatlantic ship built (CELTIC). (Carroll L Riker, New York) |
|
1873 - 1876 |
Ammonia-compression system for (brewery) refrigeration: based on vapor compression work. (Carl von Linde, Munich) |
|
1877 |
Successful refrigerator car patented. (Joel Tiffany, US) |
|
1880 ca. |
Open-cycle air machine made. (Bell and Coleman) |
|
1893 |
Method for underground distribution and recovery of anhydrous ammonia patented. (John Edwin Starr, St Louis) |
|
1895 |
Machine for air liquefaction constructed: produces commercially pure oxygen. (Karl von Linde, Munich) |
|
1902 - 1923 |
First air-conditioning apparatus 1902 designed; dew-point control 1907; commercial installation 1916; efficiency breakthroughs 1923. (Willis Carrier, New York-NJ area) |
|
1908 |
Helium first liquefied. (Kamerlingh Onnes) |
|
1913 |
Functional household refrigeration manufactured. (Chicago) |
|
1922 |
Centrifugal refrigeration machine invented: for industrial air-conditioning installation. (Willis Carrier, US) |
| 1928 ca. |
Self-contained room air conditioner introduced. (General Electric, US) [Climatic Control] |
| 1930 |
Freon (dichlorodifluormethane) refrigerants introduced. (Thomas Midgley Jr, US) [Climatic Control] |
|
1940 |
Nonevaporative cooling tower used for process cooling. |
| 1944 |
Icing research wind tunnel* designed: uses unique heat exchanger and spray system. (NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland) [Climatic Control] |
|
1950 ca. |
Philips refrigerating machine makes liquid air at atmospheric pressure by Philips Co. (Holland) |
|
1950 - 1955 |
Extensive research in cryogenic engineering for liquid hydrogen production and handling supported. (US Atomic Energy Commission, US) |
